IdeaVim 快捷键

原文：Learn Vim Progressively

1st Level – Survive

• i → Insert mode. Type ESC to return to Normal mode.
• x → Delete the char under the cursor
• :wq → Save and Quit (:w save, :q quit)
• dd → Delete (and copy) the current line
• p → Paste
• hjkl (highly recommended but not mandatory) → basic cursor move (←↓↑→)
• :help <command> → Show help about <command>. You can use :help without a <command> to get general help.

2nd Level – Feel comfortable

1. Insert mode variations:

2. Basic moves

3. Copy/Paste

4. Undo/Redo

5. Load/Save/Quit/Change File (Buffer)

3rd Level – Better. Stronger. Faster.

Better

Let’s look at how vim could help you to repeat yourself:

1. . → (dot) will repeat the last command,
2. N\ → will repeat the command N times.

Some examples, open a file and type:

• 2dd → will delete 2 lines
• 3p → will paste the text 3 times
• 100idesu [ESC] → will write “desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu desu”
• . → Just after the last command will write again the 100 “desu”.
• 3. → Will write 3 “desu” (and not 300, how clever).

Stronger

Knowing how to move efficiently with vim is very important. Don’t skip this section.

1. NG → Go to line N
2. gg → shortcut for 1G - go to the start of the file
3. G → Go to last line
4. Word moves:

Now let’s talk about very efficient moves:

• % : Go to the corresponding (, {, [.
• * (resp. #) : go to next (resp. previous) occurrence of the word under the cursor

Believe me, the last three commands are gold.

Faster

Remember about the importance of vi moves? Here is the reason. Most commands can be used using the following general format:

<start position><command><end position>

For example : 0y$ means

• 0 → go to the beginning of this line
• y → yank from here
• $ → up to the end of this line

We also can do things like ye, yank from here to the end of the word. But also y2/foo yank up to the second occurrence of “foo”.

But what was true for y (yank), is also true for d (delete), v (visual select), gU (uppercase), gu (lowercase), etc…

4th Level – Vim Superpowers

With all preceding commands you should be comfortable using vim. But now, here are the killer features. Some of these features were the reason I started to use vim.

Move on current line: 0 ^ $ g_ f F t T , ;

• 0 → go to column 0
• ^ → go to first character on the line
• $ → go to the last column
• g_ → go to the last character on the line
• fa → go to next occurrence of the letter a on the line. , (resp. ;) will find the next (resp. previous) occurrence.
• t, → go to just before the character ,.
• 3fa → find the 3rd occurrence of a on this line.
• F and T → like f and t but backward.

A useful tip is: dt" → remove everything until the ".

Zone selection <action>a<object> or <action>i<object>

These command can only be used after an operator in visual mode. But they are very powerful. Their main pattern is:

<action>a<object> and <action>i<object>

Where action can be any action, for example, d (delete), y (yank), v (select in visual mode). The object can be: w a word, W a WORD (extended word), s a sentence, p a paragraph. But also, natural character such as ", ', ), }, ].

Suppose the cursor is on the first o of (map (+) ("foo")).

• vi" → will select foo.
• va" → will select "foo".
• vi) → will select "foo".
• va) → will select ("foo").
• v2i) → will select map (+) ("foo")
• v2a) → will select (map (+) ("foo"))

Select rectangular blocks: <C-v>.

Rectangular blocks are very useful for commenting many lines of code. Typically: 0<C-v><C-d>I-- [ESC]

• ^ → go to the first non-blank character of the line
• <C-v> → Start block selection
• <C-d> → move down (could also be jjj or %, etc…)
• I-- [ESC] → write -- to comment each line

Note: in Windows you might have to use <C-q> instead of <C-v> if your clipboard is not empty.

Completion: <C-n> and <C-p>.

In Insert mode, just type the start of a word, then type <C-p>, magic…

Macros : qa do something q, @a, @@

qa record your actions in the register a. Then @a will replay the macro saved into the register a as if you typed it. @@ is a shortcut to replay the last executed macro.

Example

On a line containing only the number 1, type this:

• qaYp<C-a>q →
• qa start recording.
• Yp duplicate this line.
• <C-a> increment the number.
• q stop recording.
• @a → write 2 under the 1
• @@ → write 3 under the 2
• Now do 100@@ will create a list of increasing numbers until 103.

Visual selection: v,V,<C-v>

We saw an example with <C-v>. There is also v and V. Once the selection has been made, you can:

• J → join all the lines together.
• < (resp. >) → indent to the left (resp. to the right).
• = → auto indent

Add something at the end of all visually selected lines:

• <C-v>
• go to desired line (jjj or <C-d> or /pattern or % etc…)
• $ go to the end of the line
• A, write text, ESC.

Splits: :split and vsplit.

These are the most important commands, but you should look at :help split.

• :split → create a split (:vsplit create a vertical split)
• <C-w><dir> : where dir is any of hjkl or ←↓↑→ to change the split.
• <C-w>_ (resp. <C-w>|) : maximise the size of the split (resp. vertical split)
• <C-w>+ (resp. <C-w>-) : Grow (resp. shrink) split